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"""
babel.dates
~~~~~~~~~~~
Locale dependent formatting and parsing of dates and times.
The default locale for the functions in this module is determined by the
following environment variables, in that order:
* ``LC_TIME``,
* ``LC_ALL``, and
* ``LANG``
:copyright: (c) 2013-2023 by the Babel Team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import re
import warnings
from functools import lru_cache
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, SupportsInt
try:
import pytz
except ModuleNotFoundError:
pytz = None
import zoneinfo
import datetime
from collections.abc import Iterable
from babel import localtime
from babel.core import Locale, default_locale, get_global
from babel.localedata import LocaleDataDict
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions import Literal, TypeAlias
_Instant: TypeAlias = datetime.date | datetime.time | float | None
_PredefinedTimeFormat: TypeAlias = Literal['full', 'long', 'medium', 'short']
_Context: TypeAlias = Literal['format', 'stand-alone']
_DtOrTzinfo: TypeAlias = datetime.datetime | datetime.tzinfo | str | int | datetime.time | None
# "If a given short metazone form is known NOT to be understood in a given
# locale and the parent locale has this value such that it would normally
# be inherited, the inheritance of this value can be explicitly disabled by
# use of the 'no inheritance marker' as the value, which is 3 simultaneous [sic]
# empty set characters ( U+2205 )."
# - https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-dates.html#Metazone_Names
NO_INHERITANCE_MARKER = '\u2205\u2205\u2205'
UTC = datetime.timezone.utc
LOCALTZ = localtime.LOCALTZ
LC_TIME = default_locale('LC_TIME')
def _localize(tz: datetime.tzinfo, dt: datetime.datetime) -> datetime.datetime:
# Support localizing with both pytz and zoneinfo tzinfos
# nothing to do
if dt.tzinfo is tz:
return dt
if hasattr(tz, 'localize'): # pytz
return tz.localize(dt)
if dt.tzinfo is None:
# convert naive to localized
return dt.replace(tzinfo=tz)
# convert timezones
return dt.astimezone(tz)
def _get_dt_and_tzinfo(dt_or_tzinfo: _DtOrTzinfo) -> tuple[datetime.datetime | None, datetime.tzinfo]:
"""
Parse a `dt_or_tzinfo` value into a datetime and a tzinfo.
See the docs for this function's callers for semantics.
:rtype: tuple[datetime, tzinfo]
"""
if dt_or_tzinfo is None:
dt = datetime.datetime.now()
tzinfo = LOCALTZ
elif isinstance(dt_or_tzinfo, str):
dt = None
tzinfo = get_timezone(dt_or_tzinfo)
elif isinstance(dt_or_tzinfo, int):
dt = None
tzinfo = UTC
elif isinstance(dt_or_tzinfo, (datetime.datetime, datetime.time)):
dt = _get_datetime(dt_or_tzinfo)
tzinfo = dt.tzinfo if dt.tzinfo is not None else UTC
else:
dt = None
tzinfo = dt_or_tzinfo
return dt, tzinfo
def _get_tz_name(dt_or_tzinfo: _DtOrTzinfo) -> str:
"""
Get the timezone name out of a time, datetime, or tzinfo object.
:rtype: str
"""
dt, tzinfo = _get_dt_and_tzinfo(dt_or_tzinfo)
if hasattr(tzinfo, 'zone'): # pytz object
return tzinfo.zone
elif hasattr(tzinfo, 'key') and tzinfo.key is not None: # ZoneInfo object
return tzinfo.key
else:
return tzinfo.tzname(dt or datetime.datetime.utcnow())
def _get_datetime(instant: _Instant) -> datetime.datetime:
"""
Get a datetime out of an "instant" (date, time, datetime, number).
.. warning:: The return values of this function may depend on the system clock.
If the instant is None, the current moment is used.
If the instant is a time, it's augmented with today's date.
Dates are converted to naive datetimes with midnight as the time component.
>>> from datetime import date, datetime
>>> _get_datetime(date(2015, 1, 1))
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0)
UNIX timestamps are converted to datetimes.
>>> _get_datetime(1400000000)
datetime.datetime(2014, 5, 13, 16, 53, 20)
Other values are passed through as-is.
>>> x = datetime(2015, 1, 1)
>>> _get_datetime(x) is x
True
:param instant: date, time, datetime, integer, float or None
:type instant: date|time|datetime|int|float|None
:return: a datetime
:rtype: datetime
"""
if instant is None:
return datetime.datetime.utcnow()
elif isinstance(instant, (int, float)):
return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(instant)
elif isinstance(instant, datetime.time):
return datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), instant)
elif isinstance(instant, datetime.date) and not isinstance(instant, datetime.datetime):
return datetime.datetime.combine(instant, datetime.time())
# TODO (3.x): Add an assertion/type check for this fallthrough branch:
return instant
def _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(dt: datetime.datetime, tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None = None) -> datetime.datetime:
"""
Ensure the datetime passed has an attached tzinfo.
If the datetime is tz-naive to begin with, UTC is attached.
If a tzinfo is passed in, the datetime is normalized to that timezone.
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> _get_tz_name(_ensure_datetime_tzinfo(datetime(2015, 1, 1)))
'UTC'
>>> tz = get_timezone("Europe/Stockholm")
>>> _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(datetime(2015, 1, 1, 13, 15, tzinfo=UTC), tzinfo=tz).hour
14
:param datetime: Datetime to augment.
:param tzinfo: optional tzinfo
:return: datetime with tzinfo
:rtype: datetime
"""
if dt.tzinfo is None:
dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
if tzinfo is not None:
dt = dt.astimezone(get_timezone(tzinfo))
if hasattr(tzinfo, 'normalize'): # pytz
dt = tzinfo.normalize(dt)
return dt
def _get_time(
time: datetime.time | datetime.datetime | None,
tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None = None,
) -> datetime.time:
"""
Get a timezoned time from a given instant.
.. warning:: The return values of this function may depend on the system clock.
:param time: time, datetime or None
:rtype: time
"""
if time is None:
time = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
elif isinstance(time, (int, float)):
time = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time)
if time.tzinfo is None:
time = time.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
if isinstance(time, datetime.datetime):
if tzinfo is not None:
time = time.astimezone(tzinfo)
if hasattr(tzinfo, 'normalize'): # pytz
time = tzinfo.normalize(time)
time = time.timetz()
elif tzinfo is not None:
time = time.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
return time
def get_timezone(zone: str | datetime.tzinfo | None = None) -> datetime.tzinfo:
"""Looks up a timezone by name and returns it. The timezone object
returned comes from ``pytz`` or ``zoneinfo``, whichever is available.
It corresponds to the `tzinfo` interface and can be used with all of
the functions of Babel that operate with dates.
If a timezone is not known a :exc:`LookupError` is raised. If `zone`
is ``None`` a local zone object is returned.
:param zone: the name of the timezone to look up. If a timezone object
itself is passed in, it's returned unchanged.
"""
if zone is None:
return LOCALTZ
if not isinstance(zone, str):
return zone
if pytz:
try:
return pytz.timezone(zone)
except pytz.UnknownTimeZoneError as e:
exc = e
else:
assert zoneinfo
try:
return zoneinfo.ZoneInfo(zone)
except zoneinfo.ZoneInfoNotFoundError as e:
exc = e
raise LookupError(f"Unknown timezone {zone}") from exc
def get_period_names(width: Literal['abbreviated', 'narrow', 'wide'] = 'wide',
context: _Context = 'stand-alone', locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME) -> LocaleDataDict:
"""Return the names for day periods (AM/PM) used by the locale.
>>> get_period_names(locale='en_US')['am']
u'AM'
:param width: the width to use, one of "abbreviated", "narrow", or "wide"
:param context: the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).day_periods[context][width]
def get_day_names(width: Literal['abbreviated', 'narrow', 'short', 'wide'] = 'wide',
context: _Context = 'format', locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME) -> LocaleDataDict:
"""Return the day names used by the locale for the specified format.
>>> get_day_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'Tuesday'
>>> get_day_names('short', locale='en_US')[1]
u'Tu'
>>> get_day_names('abbreviated', locale='es')[1]
u'mar'
>>> get_day_names('narrow', context='stand-alone', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'D'
:param width: the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", "short" or "narrow"
:param context: the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).days[context][width]
def get_month_names(width: Literal['abbreviated', 'narrow', 'wide'] = 'wide',
context: _Context = 'format', locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME) -> LocaleDataDict:
"""Return the month names used by the locale for the specified format.
>>> get_month_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'January'
>>> get_month_names('abbreviated', locale='es')[1]
u'ene'
>>> get_month_names('narrow', context='stand-alone', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'J'
:param width: the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
:param context: the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).months[context][width]
def get_quarter_names(width: Literal['abbreviated', 'narrow', 'wide'] = 'wide',
context: _Context = 'format', locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME) -> LocaleDataDict:
"""Return the quarter names used by the locale for the specified format.
>>> get_quarter_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'1st quarter'
>>> get_quarter_names('abbreviated', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'Q1'
>>> get_quarter_names('narrow', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'1'
:param width: the width to use, one of "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
:param context: the context, either "format" or "stand-alone"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).quarters[context][width]
def get_era_names(width: Literal['abbreviated', 'narrow', 'wide'] = 'wide',
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME) -> LocaleDataDict:
"""Return the era names used by the locale for the specified format.
>>> get_era_names('wide', locale='en_US')[1]
u'Anno Domini'
>>> get_era_names('abbreviated', locale='de_DE')[1]
u'n. Chr.'
:param width: the width to use, either "wide", "abbreviated", or "narrow"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).eras[width]
def get_date_format(format: _PredefinedTimeFormat = 'medium', locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME) -> DateTimePattern:
"""Return the date formatting patterns used by the locale for the specified
format.
>>> get_date_format(locale='en_US')
<DateTimePattern u'MMM d, y'>
>>> get_date_format('full', locale='de_DE')
<DateTimePattern u'EEEE, d. MMMM y'>
:param format: the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or
"short"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).date_formats[format]
def get_datetime_format(format: _PredefinedTimeFormat = 'medium', locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME) -> DateTimePattern:
"""Return the datetime formatting patterns used by the locale for the
specified format.
>>> get_datetime_format(locale='en_US')
u'{1}, {0}'
:param format: the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or
"short"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
patterns = Locale.parse(locale).datetime_formats
if format not in patterns:
format = None
return patterns[format]
def get_time_format(format: _PredefinedTimeFormat = 'medium', locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME) -> DateTimePattern:
"""Return the time formatting patterns used by the locale for the specified
format.
>>> get_time_format(locale='en_US')
<DateTimePattern u'h:mm:ss\u202fa'>
>>> get_time_format('full', locale='de_DE')
<DateTimePattern u'HH:mm:ss zzzz'>
:param format: the format to use, one of "full", "long", "medium", or
"short"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
"""
return Locale.parse(locale).time_formats[format]
def get_timezone_gmt(
datetime: _Instant = None,
width: Literal['long', 'short', 'iso8601', 'iso8601_short'] = 'long',
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
return_z: bool = False,
) -> str:
"""Return the timezone associated with the given `datetime` object formatted
as string indicating the offset from GMT.
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> dt = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en')
u'GMT+00:00'
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en', return_z=True)
'Z'
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en', width='iso8601_short')
u'+00'
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/Los_Angeles')
>>> dt = _localize(tz, datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30))
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en')
u'GMT-07:00'
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, 'short', locale='en')
u'-0700'
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, locale='en', width='iso8601_short')
u'-07'
The long format depends on the locale, for example in France the acronym
UTC string is used instead of GMT:
>>> get_timezone_gmt(dt, 'long', locale='fr_FR')
u'UTC-07:00'
.. versionadded:: 0.9
:param datetime: the ``datetime`` object; if `None`, the current date and
time in UTC is used
:param width: either "long" or "short" or "iso8601" or "iso8601_short"
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
:param return_z: True or False; Function returns indicator "Z"
when local time offset is 0
"""
datetime = _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(_get_datetime(datetime))
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
offset = datetime.tzinfo.utcoffset(datetime)
seconds = offset.days * 24 * 60 * 60 + offset.seconds
hours, seconds = divmod(seconds, 3600)
if return_z and hours == 0 and seconds == 0:
return 'Z'
elif seconds == 0 and width == 'iso8601_short':
return '%+03d' % hours
elif width == 'short' or width == 'iso8601_short':
pattern = '%+03d%02d'
elif width == 'iso8601':
pattern = '%+03d:%02d'
else:
pattern = locale.zone_formats['gmt'] % '%+03d:%02d'
return pattern % (hours, seconds // 60)
def get_timezone_location(
dt_or_tzinfo: _DtOrTzinfo = None,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
return_city: bool = False,
) -> str:
"""Return a representation of the given timezone using "location format".
The result depends on both the local display name of the country and the
city associated with the time zone:
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/St_Johns')
>>> print(get_timezone_location(tz, locale='de_DE'))
Kanada (St. John’s) (Ortszeit)
>>> print(get_timezone_location(tz, locale='en'))
Canada (St. John’s) Time
>>> print(get_timezone_location(tz, locale='en', return_city=True))
St. John’s
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/Mexico_City')
>>> get_timezone_location(tz, locale='de_DE')
u'Mexiko (Mexiko-Stadt) (Ortszeit)'
If the timezone is associated with a country that uses only a single
timezone, just the localized country name is returned:
>>> tz = get_timezone('Europe/Berlin')
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='de_DE')
u'Mitteleurop\\xe4ische Zeit'
.. versionadded:: 0.9
:param dt_or_tzinfo: the ``datetime`` or ``tzinfo`` object that determines
the timezone; if `None`, the current date and time in
UTC is assumed
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
:param return_city: True or False, if True then return exemplar city (location)
for the time zone
:return: the localized timezone name using location format
"""
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
zone = _get_tz_name(dt_or_tzinfo)
# Get the canonical time-zone code
zone = get_global('zone_aliases').get(zone, zone)
info = locale.time_zones.get(zone, {})
# Otherwise, if there is only one timezone for the country, return the
# localized country name
region_format = locale.zone_formats['region']
territory = get_global('zone_territories').get(zone)
if territory not in locale.territories:
territory = 'ZZ' # invalid/unknown
territory_name = locale.territories[territory]
if not return_city and territory and len(get_global('territory_zones').get(territory, [])) == 1:
return region_format % territory_name
# Otherwise, include the city in the output
fallback_format = locale.zone_formats['fallback']
if 'city' in info:
city_name = info['city']
else:
metazone = get_global('meta_zones').get(zone)
metazone_info = locale.meta_zones.get(metazone, {})
if 'city' in metazone_info:
city_name = metazone_info['city']
elif '/' in zone:
city_name = zone.split('/', 1)[1].replace('_', ' ')
else:
city_name = zone.replace('_', ' ')
if return_city:
return city_name
return region_format % (fallback_format % {
'0': city_name,
'1': territory_name
})
def get_timezone_name(
dt_or_tzinfo: _DtOrTzinfo = None,
width: Literal['long', 'short'] = 'long',
uncommon: bool = False,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
zone_variant: Literal['generic', 'daylight', 'standard'] | None = None,
return_zone: bool = False,
) -> str:
r"""Return the localized display name for the given timezone. The timezone
may be specified using a ``datetime`` or `tzinfo` object.
>>> from datetime import time
>>> dt = time(15, 30, tzinfo=get_timezone('America/Los_Angeles'))
>>> get_timezone_name(dt, locale='en_US')
u'Pacific Standard Time'
>>> get_timezone_name(dt, locale='en_US', return_zone=True)
'America/Los_Angeles'
>>> get_timezone_name(dt, width='short', locale='en_US')
u'PST'
If this function gets passed only a `tzinfo` object and no concrete
`datetime`, the returned display name is independent of daylight savings
time. This can be used for example for selecting timezones, or to set the
time of events that recur across DST changes:
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/Los_Angeles')
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='en_US')
u'Pacific Time'
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, 'short', locale='en_US')
u'PT'
If no localized display name for the timezone is available, and the timezone
is associated with a country that uses only a single timezone, the name of
that country is returned, formatted according to the locale:
>>> tz = get_timezone('Europe/Berlin')
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='de_DE')
u'Mitteleurop\xe4ische Zeit'
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='pt_BR')
u'Hor\xe1rio da Europa Central'
On the other hand, if the country uses multiple timezones, the city is also
included in the representation:
>>> tz = get_timezone('America/St_Johns')
>>> get_timezone_name(tz, locale='de_DE')
u'Neufundland-Zeit'
Note that short format is currently not supported for all timezones and
all locales. This is partially because not every timezone has a short
code in every locale. In that case it currently falls back to the long
format.
For more information see `LDML Appendix J: Time Zone Display Names
<https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Time_Zone_Fallback>`_
.. versionadded:: 0.9
.. versionchanged:: 1.0
Added `zone_variant` support.
:param dt_or_tzinfo: the ``datetime`` or ``tzinfo`` object that determines
the timezone; if a ``tzinfo`` object is used, the
resulting display name will be generic, i.e.
independent of daylight savings time; if `None`, the
current date in UTC is assumed
:param width: either "long" or "short"
:param uncommon: deprecated and ignored
:param zone_variant: defines the zone variation to return. By default the
variation is defined from the datetime object
passed in. If no datetime object is passed in, the
``'generic'`` variation is assumed. The following
values are valid: ``'generic'``, ``'daylight'`` and
``'standard'``.
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
:param return_zone: True or False. If true then function
returns long time zone ID
"""
dt, tzinfo = _get_dt_and_tzinfo(dt_or_tzinfo)
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
zone = _get_tz_name(dt_or_tzinfo)
if zone_variant is None:
if dt is None:
zone_variant = 'generic'
else:
dst = tzinfo.dst(dt)
zone_variant = "daylight" if dst else "standard"
else:
if zone_variant not in ('generic', 'standard', 'daylight'):
raise ValueError('Invalid zone variation')
# Get the canonical time-zone code
zone = get_global('zone_aliases').get(zone, zone)
if return_zone:
return zone
info = locale.time_zones.get(zone, {})
# Try explicitly translated zone names first
if width in info and zone_variant in info[width]:
return info[width][zone_variant]
metazone = get_global('meta_zones').get(zone)
if metazone:
metazone_info = locale.meta_zones.get(metazone, {})
if width in metazone_info:
name = metazone_info[width].get(zone_variant)
if width == 'short' and name == NO_INHERITANCE_MARKER:
# If the short form is marked no-inheritance,
# try to fall back to the long name instead.
name = metazone_info.get('long', {}).get(zone_variant)
if name:
return name
# If we have a concrete datetime, we assume that the result can't be
# independent of daylight savings time, so we return the GMT offset
if dt is not None:
return get_timezone_gmt(dt, width=width, locale=locale)
return get_timezone_location(dt_or_tzinfo, locale=locale)
def format_date(
date: datetime.date | None = None,
format: _PredefinedTimeFormat | str = 'medium',
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
) -> str:
"""Return a date formatted according to the given pattern.
>>> from datetime import date
>>> d = date(2007, 4, 1)
>>> format_date(d, locale='en_US')
u'Apr 1, 2007'
>>> format_date(d, format='full', locale='de_DE')
u'Sonntag, 1. April 2007'
If you don't want to use the locale default formats, you can specify a
custom date pattern:
>>> format_date(d, "EEE, MMM d, ''yy", locale='en')
u"Sun, Apr 1, '07"
:param date: the ``date`` or ``datetime`` object; if `None`, the current
date is used
:param format: one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom
date/time pattern
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
if date is None:
date = datetime.date.today()
elif isinstance(date, datetime.datetime):
date = date.date()
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
if format in ('full', 'long', 'medium', 'short'):
format = get_date_format(format, locale=locale)
pattern = parse_pattern(format)
return pattern.apply(date, locale)
def format_datetime(
datetime: _Instant = None,
format: _PredefinedTimeFormat | str = 'medium',
tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None = None,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
) -> str:
r"""Return a date formatted according to the given pattern.
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> dt = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
>>> format_datetime(dt, locale='en_US')
u'Apr 1, 2007, 3:30:00\u202fPM'
For any pattern requiring the display of the timezone:
>>> format_datetime(dt, 'full', tzinfo=get_timezone('Europe/Paris'),
... locale='fr_FR')
'dimanche 1 avril 2007, 17:30:00 heure d’été d’Europe centrale'
>>> format_datetime(dt, "yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss zzz",
... tzinfo=get_timezone('US/Eastern'), locale='en')
u'2007.04.01 AD at 11:30:00 EDT'
:param datetime: the `datetime` object; if `None`, the current date and
time is used
:param format: one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom
date/time pattern
:param tzinfo: the timezone to apply to the time for display
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
datetime = _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(_get_datetime(datetime), tzinfo)
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
if format in ('full', 'long', 'medium', 'short'):
return get_datetime_format(format, locale=locale) \
.replace("'", "") \
.replace('{0}', format_time(datetime, format, tzinfo=None,
locale=locale)) \
.replace('{1}', format_date(datetime, format, locale=locale))
else:
return parse_pattern(format).apply(datetime, locale)
def format_time(
time: datetime.time | datetime.datetime | float | None = None,
format: _PredefinedTimeFormat | str = 'medium',
tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None = None, locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
) -> str:
r"""Return a time formatted according to the given pattern.
>>> from datetime import datetime, time
>>> t = time(15, 30)
>>> format_time(t, locale='en_US')
u'3:30:00\u202fPM'
>>> format_time(t, format='short', locale='de_DE')
u'15:30'
If you don't want to use the locale default formats, you can specify a
custom time pattern:
>>> format_time(t, "hh 'o''clock' a", locale='en')
u"03 o'clock PM"
For any pattern requiring the display of the time-zone a
timezone has to be specified explicitly:
>>> t = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
>>> tzinfo = get_timezone('Europe/Paris')
>>> t = _localize(tzinfo, t)
>>> format_time(t, format='full', tzinfo=tzinfo, locale='fr_FR')
'15:30:00 heure d’été d’Europe centrale'
>>> format_time(t, "hh 'o''clock' a, zzzz", tzinfo=get_timezone('US/Eastern'),
... locale='en')
u"09 o'clock AM, Eastern Daylight Time"
As that example shows, when this function gets passed a
``datetime.datetime`` value, the actual time in the formatted string is
adjusted to the timezone specified by the `tzinfo` parameter. If the
``datetime`` is "naive" (i.e. it has no associated timezone information),
it is assumed to be in UTC.
These timezone calculations are **not** performed if the value is of type
``datetime.time``, as without date information there's no way to determine
what a given time would translate to in a different timezone without
information about whether daylight savings time is in effect or not. This
means that time values are left as-is, and the value of the `tzinfo`
parameter is only used to display the timezone name if needed:
>>> t = time(15, 30)
>>> format_time(t, format='full', tzinfo=get_timezone('Europe/Paris'),
... locale='fr_FR')
u'15:30:00 heure normale d\u2019Europe centrale'
>>> format_time(t, format='full', tzinfo=get_timezone('US/Eastern'),
... locale='en_US')
u'3:30:00\u202fPM Eastern Standard Time'
:param time: the ``time`` or ``datetime`` object; if `None`, the current
time in UTC is used
:param format: one of "full", "long", "medium", or "short", or a custom
date/time pattern
:param tzinfo: the time-zone to apply to the time for display
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
# get reference date for if we need to find the right timezone variant
# in the pattern
ref_date = time.date() if isinstance(time, datetime.datetime) else None
time = _get_time(time, tzinfo)
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
if format in ('full', 'long', 'medium', 'short'):
format = get_time_format(format, locale=locale)
return parse_pattern(format).apply(time, locale, reference_date=ref_date)
def format_skeleton(
skeleton: str,
datetime: _Instant = None,
tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None = None,
fuzzy: bool = True,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
) -> str:
r"""Return a time and/or date formatted according to the given pattern.
The skeletons are defined in the CLDR data and provide more flexibility
than the simple short/long/medium formats, but are a bit harder to use.
The are defined using the date/time symbols without order or punctuation
and map to a suitable format for the given locale.
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> t = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
>>> format_skeleton('MMMEd', t, locale='fr')
u'dim. 1 avr.'
>>> format_skeleton('MMMEd', t, locale='en')
u'Sun, Apr 1'
>>> format_skeleton('yMMd', t, locale='fi') # yMMd is not in the Finnish locale; yMd gets used
u'1.4.2007'
>>> format_skeleton('yMMd', t, fuzzy=False, locale='fi') # yMMd is not in the Finnish locale, an error is thrown
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: yMMd
After the skeleton is resolved to a pattern `format_datetime` is called so
all timezone processing etc is the same as for that.
:param skeleton: A date time skeleton as defined in the cldr data.
:param datetime: the ``time`` or ``datetime`` object; if `None`, the current
time in UTC is used
:param tzinfo: the time-zone to apply to the time for display
:param fuzzy: If the skeleton is not found, allow choosing a skeleton that's
close enough to it.
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
if fuzzy and skeleton not in locale.datetime_skeletons:
skeleton = match_skeleton(skeleton, locale.datetime_skeletons)
format = locale.datetime_skeletons[skeleton]
return format_datetime(datetime, format, tzinfo, locale)
TIMEDELTA_UNITS: tuple[tuple[str, int], ...] = (
('year', 3600 * 24 * 365),
('month', 3600 * 24 * 30),
('week', 3600 * 24 * 7),
('day', 3600 * 24),
('hour', 3600),
('minute', 60),
('second', 1)
)
def format_timedelta(
delta: datetime.timedelta | int,
granularity: Literal['year', 'month', 'week', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second'] = 'second',
threshold: float = .85,
add_direction: bool = False,
format: Literal['narrow', 'short', 'medium', 'long'] = 'long',
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
) -> str:
"""Return a time delta according to the rules of the given locale.
>>> from datetime import timedelta
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(weeks=12), locale='en_US')
u'3 months'
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(seconds=1), locale='es')
u'1 segundo'
The granularity parameter can be provided to alter the lowest unit
presented, which defaults to a second.
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=3), granularity='day', locale='en_US')
u'1 day'
The threshold parameter can be used to determine at which value the
presentation switches to the next higher unit. A higher threshold factor
means the presentation will switch later. For example:
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=23), threshold=0.9, locale='en_US')
u'1 day'
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=23), threshold=1.1, locale='en_US')
u'23 hours'
In addition directional information can be provided that informs
the user if the date is in the past or in the future:
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=1), add_direction=True, locale='en')
u'in 1 hour'
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=-1), add_direction=True, locale='en')
u'1 hour ago'
The format parameter controls how compact or wide the presentation is:
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=3), format='short', locale='en')
u'3 hr'
>>> format_timedelta(timedelta(hours=3), format='narrow', locale='en')
u'3h'
:param delta: a ``timedelta`` object representing the time difference to
format, or the delta in seconds as an `int` value
:param granularity: determines the smallest unit that should be displayed,
the value can be one of "year", "month", "week", "day",
"hour", "minute" or "second"
:param threshold: factor that determines at which point the presentation
switches to the next higher unit
:param add_direction: if this flag is set to `True` the return value will
include directional information. For instance a
positive timedelta will include the information about
it being in the future, a negative will be information
about the value being in the past.
:param format: the format, can be "narrow", "short" or "long". (
"medium" is deprecated, currently converted to "long" to
maintain compatibility)
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
"""
if format not in ('narrow', 'short', 'medium', 'long'):
raise TypeError('Format must be one of "narrow", "short" or "long"')
if format == 'medium':
warnings.warn('"medium" value for format param of format_timedelta'
' is deprecated. Use "long" instead',
category=DeprecationWarning)
format = 'long'
if isinstance(delta, datetime.timedelta):
seconds = int((delta.days * 86400) + delta.seconds)
else:
seconds = delta
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
def _iter_patterns(a_unit):
if add_direction:
unit_rel_patterns = locale._data['date_fields'][a_unit]
if seconds >= 0:
yield unit_rel_patterns['future']
else:
yield unit_rel_patterns['past']
a_unit = f"duration-{a_unit}"
yield locale._data['unit_patterns'].get(a_unit, {}).get(format)
for unit, secs_per_unit in TIMEDELTA_UNITS:
value = abs(seconds) / secs_per_unit
if value >= threshold or unit == granularity:
if unit == granularity and value > 0:
value = max(1, value)
value = int(round(value))
plural_form = locale.plural_form(value)
pattern = None
for patterns in _iter_patterns(unit):
if patterns is not None:
pattern = patterns.get(plural_form) or patterns.get('other')
break
# This really should not happen
if pattern is None:
return ''
return pattern.replace('{0}', str(value))
return ''
def _format_fallback_interval(
start: _Instant,
end: _Instant,
skeleton: str | None,
tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
) -> str:
if skeleton in locale.datetime_skeletons: # Use the given skeleton
format = lambda dt: format_skeleton(skeleton, dt, tzinfo, locale=locale)
elif all((isinstance(d, datetime.date) and not isinstance(d, datetime.datetime)) for d in (start, end)): # Both are just dates
format = lambda dt: format_date(dt, locale=locale)
elif all((isinstance(d, datetime.time) and not isinstance(d, datetime.date)) for d in (start, end)): # Both are times
format = lambda dt: format_time(dt, tzinfo=tzinfo, locale=locale)
else:
format = lambda dt: format_datetime(dt, tzinfo=tzinfo, locale=locale)
formatted_start = format(start)
formatted_end = format(end)
if formatted_start == formatted_end:
return format(start)
return (
locale.interval_formats.get(None, "{0}-{1}").
replace("{0}", formatted_start).
replace("{1}", formatted_end)
)
def format_interval(
start: _Instant,
end: _Instant,
skeleton: str | None = None,
tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None = None,
fuzzy: bool = True,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
) -> str:
"""
Format an interval between two instants according to the locale's rules.
>>> from datetime import date, time
>>> format_interval(date(2016, 1, 15), date(2016, 1, 17), "yMd", locale="fi")
u'15.\u201317.1.2016'
>>> format_interval(time(12, 12), time(16, 16), "Hm", locale="en_GB")
'12:12\u201316:16'
>>> format_interval(time(5, 12), time(16, 16), "hm", locale="en_US")
'5:12\u202fAM\u2009–\u20094:16\u202fPM'
>>> format_interval(time(16, 18), time(16, 24), "Hm", locale="it")
'16:18\u201316:24'
If the start instant equals the end instant, the interval is formatted like the instant.
>>> format_interval(time(16, 18), time(16, 18), "Hm", locale="it")
'16:18'
Unknown skeletons fall back to "default" formatting.
>>> format_interval(date(2015, 1, 1), date(2017, 1, 1), "wzq", locale="ja")
'2015/01/01\uff5e2017/01/01'
>>> format_interval(time(16, 18), time(16, 24), "xxx", locale="ja")
'16:18:00\uff5e16:24:00'
>>> format_interval(date(2016, 1, 15), date(2016, 1, 17), "xxx", locale="de")
'15.01.2016\u2009–\u200917.01.2016'
:param start: First instant (datetime/date/time)
:param end: Second instant (datetime/date/time)
:param skeleton: The "skeleton format" to use for formatting.
:param tzinfo: tzinfo to use (if none is already attached)
:param fuzzy: If the skeleton is not found, allow choosing a skeleton that's
close enough to it.
:param locale: A locale object or identifier.
:return: Formatted interval
"""
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
# NB: The quote comments below are from the algorithm description in
# https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-dates.html#intervalFormats
# > Look for the intervalFormatItem element that matches the "skeleton",
# > starting in the current locale and then following the locale fallback
# > chain up to, but not including root.
interval_formats = locale.interval_formats
if skeleton not in interval_formats or not skeleton:
# > If no match was found from the previous step, check what the closest
# > match is in the fallback locale chain, as in availableFormats. That
# > is, this allows for adjusting the string value field's width,
# > including adjusting between "MMM" and "MMMM", and using different
# > variants of the same field, such as 'v' and 'z'.
if skeleton and fuzzy:
skeleton = match_skeleton(skeleton, interval_formats)
else:
skeleton = None
if not skeleton: # Still no match whatsoever?
# > Otherwise, format the start and end datetime using the fallback pattern.
return _format_fallback_interval(start, end, skeleton, tzinfo, locale)
skel_formats = interval_formats[skeleton]
if start == end:
return format_skeleton(skeleton, start, tzinfo, fuzzy=fuzzy, locale=locale)
start = _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(_get_datetime(start), tzinfo=tzinfo)
end = _ensure_datetime_tzinfo(_get_datetime(end), tzinfo=tzinfo)
start_fmt = DateTimeFormat(start, locale=locale)
end_fmt = DateTimeFormat(end, locale=locale)
# > If a match is found from previous steps, compute the calendar field
# > with the greatest difference between start and end datetime. If there
# > is no difference among any of the fields in the pattern, format as a
# > single date using availableFormats, and return.
for field in PATTERN_CHAR_ORDER: # These are in largest-to-smallest order
if field in skel_formats and start_fmt.extract(field) != end_fmt.extract(field):
# > If there is a match, use the pieces of the corresponding pattern to
# > format the start and end datetime, as above.
return "".join(
parse_pattern(pattern).apply(instant, locale)
for pattern, instant
in zip(skel_formats[field], (start, end))
)
# > Otherwise, format the start and end datetime using the fallback pattern.
return _format_fallback_interval(start, end, skeleton, tzinfo, locale)
def get_period_id(
time: _Instant,
tzinfo: datetime.tzinfo | None = None,
type: Literal['selection'] | None = None,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
) -> str:
"""
Get the day period ID for a given time.
This ID can be used as a key for the period name dictionary.
>>> from datetime import time
>>> get_period_names(locale="de")[get_period_id(time(7, 42), locale="de")]
u'Morgen'
>>> get_period_id(time(0), locale="en_US")
u'midnight'
>>> get_period_id(time(0), type="selection", locale="en_US")
u'night1'
:param time: The time to inspect.
:param tzinfo: The timezone for the time. See ``format_time``.
:param type: The period type to use. Either "selection" or None.
The selection type is used for selecting among phrases such as
“Your email arrived yesterday evening” or “Your email arrived last night”.
:param locale: the `Locale` object, or a locale string
:return: period ID. Something is always returned -- even if it's just "am" or "pm".
"""
time = _get_time(time, tzinfo)
seconds_past_midnight = int(time.hour * 60 * 60 + time.minute * 60 + time.second)
locale = Locale.parse(locale)
# The LDML rules state that the rules may not overlap, so iterating in arbitrary
# order should be alright, though `at` periods should be preferred.
rulesets = locale.day_period_rules.get(type, {}).items()
for rule_id, rules in rulesets:
for rule in rules:
if "at" in rule and rule["at"] == seconds_past_midnight:
return rule_id
for rule_id, rules in rulesets:
for rule in rules:
if "from" in rule and "before" in rule:
if rule["from"] < rule["before"]:
if rule["from"] <= seconds_past_midnight < rule["before"]:
return rule_id
else:
# e.g. from="21:00" before="06:00"
if rule["from"] <= seconds_past_midnight < 86400 or \
0 <= seconds_past_midnight < rule["before"]:
return rule_id
start_ok = end_ok = False
if "from" in rule and seconds_past_midnight >= rule["from"]:
start_ok = True
if "to" in rule and seconds_past_midnight <= rule["to"]:
# This rule type does not exist in the present CLDR data;
# excuse the lack of test coverage.
end_ok = True
if "before" in rule and seconds_past_midnight < rule["before"]:
end_ok = True
if "after" in rule:
raise NotImplementedError("'after' is deprecated as of CLDR 29.")
if start_ok and end_ok:
return rule_id
if seconds_past_midnight < 43200:
return "am"
else:
return "pm"
class ParseError(ValueError):
pass
def parse_date(
string: str,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
format: _PredefinedTimeFormat = 'medium',
) -> datetime.date:
"""Parse a date from a string.
This function first tries to interpret the string as ISO-8601
date format, then uses the date format for the locale as a hint to
determine the order in which the date fields appear in the string.
>>> parse_date('4/1/04', locale='en_US')
datetime.date(2004, 4, 1)
>>> parse_date('01.04.2004', locale='de_DE')
datetime.date(2004, 4, 1)
>>> parse_date('2004-04-01', locale='en_US')
datetime.date(2004, 4, 1)
>>> parse_date('2004-04-01', locale='de_DE')
datetime.date(2004, 4, 1)
:param string: the string containing the date
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
:param format: the format to use (see ``get_date_format``)
"""
numbers = re.findall(r'(\d+)', string)
if not numbers:
raise ParseError("No numbers were found in input")
# we try ISO-8601 format first, meaning similar to formats
# extended YYYY-MM-DD or basic YYYYMMDD
iso_alike = re.match(r'^(\d{4})-?([01]\d)-?([0-3]\d)$',
string, flags=re.ASCII) # allow only ASCII digits
if iso_alike:
try:
return datetime.date(*map(int, iso_alike.groups()))
except ValueError:
pass # a locale format might fit better, so let's continue
format_str = get_date_format(format=format, locale=locale).pattern.lower()
year_idx = format_str.index('y')
month_idx = format_str.index('m')
if month_idx < 0:
month_idx = format_str.index('l')
day_idx = format_str.index('d')
indexes = sorted([(year_idx, 'Y'), (month_idx, 'M'), (day_idx, 'D')])
indexes = {item[1]: idx for idx, item in enumerate(indexes)}
# FIXME: this currently only supports numbers, but should also support month
# names, both in the requested locale, and english
year = numbers[indexes['Y']]
year = 2000 + int(year) if len(year) == 2 else int(year)
month = int(numbers[indexes['M']])
day = int(numbers[indexes['D']])
if month > 12:
month, day = day, month
return datetime.date(year, month, day)
def parse_time(
string: str,
locale: Locale | str | None = LC_TIME,
format: _PredefinedTimeFormat = 'medium',
) -> datetime.time:
"""Parse a time from a string.
This function uses the time format for the locale as a hint to determine
the order in which the time fields appear in the string.
>>> parse_time('15:30:00', locale='en_US')
datetime.time(15, 30)
:param string: the string containing the time
:param locale: a `Locale` object or a locale identifier
:param format: the format to use (see ``get_time_format``)
:return: the parsed time
:rtype: `time`
"""
numbers = re.findall(r'(\d+)', string)
if not numbers:
raise ParseError("No numbers were found in input")
# TODO: try ISO format first?
format_str = get_time_format(format=format, locale=locale).pattern.lower()
hour_idx = format_str.index('h')
if hour_idx < 0:
hour_idx = format_str.index('k')
min_idx = format_str.index('m')
sec_idx = format_str.index('s')
indexes = sorted([(hour_idx, 'H'), (min_idx, 'M'), (sec_idx, 'S')])
indexes = {item[1]: idx for idx, item in enumerate(indexes)}
# TODO: support time zones
# Check if the format specifies a period to be used;
# if it does, look for 'pm' to figure out an offset.
hour_offset = 0
if 'a' in format_str and 'pm' in string.lower():
hour_offset = 12
# Parse up to three numbers from the string.
minute = second = 0
hour = int(numbers[indexes['H']]) + hour_offset
if len(numbers) > 1:
minute = int(numbers[indexes['M']])
if len(numbers) > 2:
second = int(numbers[indexes['S']])
return datetime.time(hour, minute, second)
class DateTimePattern:
def __init__(self, pattern: str, format: DateTimeFormat):
self.pattern = pattern
self.format = format
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.pattern!r}>"
def __str__(self) -> str:
pat = self.pattern
return pat
def __mod__(self, other: DateTimeFormat) -> str:
if not isinstance(other, DateTimeFormat):
return NotImplemented
return self.format % other
def apply(
self,
datetime: datetime.date | datetime.time,
locale: Locale | str | None,
reference_date: datetime.date | None = None,
) -> str:
return self % DateTimeFormat(datetime, locale, reference_date)
class DateTimeFormat:
def __init__(
self,
value: datetime.date | datetime.time,
locale: Locale | str,
reference_date: datetime.date | None = None
) -> None:
assert isinstance(value, (datetime.date, datetime.datetime, datetime.time))
if isinstance(value, (datetime.datetime, datetime.time)) and value.tzinfo is None:
value = value.replace(tzinfo=UTC)
self.value = value
self.locale = Locale.parse(locale)
self.reference_date = reference_date
def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> str:
char = name[0]
num = len(name)
if char == 'G':
return self.format_era(char, num)
elif char in ('y', 'Y', 'u'):
return self.format_year(char, num)
elif char in ('Q', 'q'):
return self.format_quarter(char, num)
elif char in ('M', 'L'):
return self.format_month(char, num)
elif char in ('w', 'W'):
return self.format_week(char, num)
elif char == 'd':
return self.format(self.value.day, num)
elif char == 'D':
return self.format_day_of_year(num)
elif char == 'F':
return self.format_day_of_week_in_month()
elif char in ('E', 'e', 'c'):
return self.format_weekday(char, num)
elif char in ('a', 'b', 'B'):
return self.format_period(char, num)
elif char == 'h':
if self.value.hour % 12 == 0:
return self.format(12, num)
else:
return self.format(self.value.hour % 12, num)
elif char == 'H':
return self.format(self.value.hour, num)
elif char == 'K':
return self.format(self.value.hour % 12, num)
elif char == 'k':
if self.value.hour == 0:
return self.format(24, num)
else:
return self.format(self.value.hour, num)
elif char == 'm':
return self.format(self.value.minute, num)
elif char == 's':
return self.format(self.value.second, num)
elif char == 'S':
return self.format_frac_seconds(num)
elif char == 'A':
return self.format_milliseconds_in_day(num)
elif char in ('z', 'Z', 'v', 'V', 'x', 'X', 'O'):
return self.format_timezone(char, num)
else:
raise KeyError(f"Unsupported date/time field {char!r}")
def extract(self, char: str) -> int:
char = str(char)[0]
if char == 'y':
return self.value.year
elif char == 'M':
return self.value.month
elif char == 'd':
return self.value.day
elif char == 'H':
return self.value.hour
elif char == 'h':
return self.value.hour % 12 or 12
elif char == 'm':
return self.value.minute
elif char == 'a':
return int(self.value.hour >= 12) # 0 for am, 1 for pm
else:
raise NotImplementedError(f"Not implemented: extracting {char!r} from {self.value!r}")
def format_era(self, char: str, num: int) -> str:
width = {3: 'abbreviated', 4: 'wide', 5: 'narrow'}[max(3, num)]
era = int(self.value.year >= 0)
return get_era_names(width, self.locale)[era]
def format_year(self, char: str, num: int) -> str:
value = self.value.year
if char.isupper():
value = self.value.isocalendar()[0]
year = self.format(value, num)
if num == 2:
year = year[-2:]
return year
def format_quarter(self, char: str, num: int) -> str:
quarter = (self.value.month - 1) // 3 + 1
if num <= 2:
return '%0*d' % (num, quarter)
width = {3: 'abbreviated', 4: 'wide', 5: 'narrow'}[num]
context = {'Q': 'format', 'q': 'stand-alone'}[char]
return get_quarter_names(width, context, self.locale)[quarter]
def format_month(self, char: str, num: int) -> str:
if num <= 2:
return '%0*d' % (num, self.value.month)
width = {3: 'abbreviated', 4: 'wide', 5: 'narrow'}[num]
context = {'M': 'format', 'L': 'stand-alone'}[char]
return get_month_names(width, context, self.locale)[self.value.month]
def format_week(self, char: str, num: int) -> str:
if char.islower(): # week of year
day_of_year = self.get_day_of_year()
week = self.get_week_number(day_of_year)
if week == 0:
date = self.value - datetime.timedelta(days=day_of_year)
week = self.get_week_number(self.get_day_of_year(date),
date.weekday())
return self.format(week, num)
else: # week of month
week = self.get_week_number(self.value.day)
if week == 0:
date = self.value - datetime.timedelta(days=self.value.day)
week = self.get_week_number(date.day, date.weekday())
return str(week)
def format_weekday(self, char: str = 'E', num: int = 4) -> str:
"""
Return weekday from parsed datetime according to format pattern.
>>> from datetime import date
>>> format = DateTimeFormat(date(2016, 2, 28), Locale.parse('en_US'))
>>> format.format_weekday()
u'Sunday'
'E': Day of week - Use one through three letters for the abbreviated day name, four for the full (wide) name,
five for the narrow name, or six for the short name.
>>> format.format_weekday('E',2)
u'Sun'
'e': Local day of week. Same as E except adds a numeric value that will depend on the local starting day of the
week, using one or two letters. For this example, Monday is the first day of the week.
>>> format.format_weekday('e',2)
'01'
'c': Stand-Alone local day of week - Use one letter for the local numeric value (same as 'e'), three for the
abbreviated day name, four for the full (wide) name, five for the narrow name, or six for the short name.
>>> format.format_weekday('c',1)
'1'
:param char: pattern format character ('e','E','c')
:param num: count of format character
"""
if num < 3:
if char.islower():
value = 7 - self.locale.first_week_day + self.value.weekday()
return self.format(value % 7 + 1, num)
num = 3
weekday = self.value.weekday()
width = {3: 'abbreviated', 4: 'wide', 5: 'narrow', 6: 'short'}[num]
context = "stand-alone" if char == "c" else "format"
return get_day_names(width, context, self.locale)[weekday]
def format_day_of_year(self, num: int) -> str:
return self.format(self.get_day_of_year(), num)
def format_day_of_week_in_month(self) -> str:
return str((self.value.day - 1) // 7 + 1)
def format_period(self, char: str, num: int) -> str:
"""
Return period from parsed datetime according to format pattern.
>>> from datetime import datetime, time
>>> format = DateTimeFormat(time(13, 42), 'fi_FI')
>>> format.format_period('a', 1)
u'ip.'
>>> format.format_period('b', 1)
u'iltap.'
>>> format.format_period('b', 4)
u'iltapäivä'
>>> format.format_period('B', 4)
u'iltapäivällä'
>>> format.format_period('B', 5)
u'ip.'
>>> format = DateTimeFormat(datetime(2022, 4, 28, 6, 27), 'zh_Hant')
>>> format.format_period('a', 1)
u'上午'
>>> format.format_period('b', 1)
u'清晨'
>>> format.format_period('B', 1)
u'清晨'
:param char: pattern format character ('a', 'b', 'B')
:param num: count of format character
"""
widths = [{3: 'abbreviated', 4: 'wide', 5: 'narrow'}[max(3, num)],
'wide', 'narrow', 'abbreviated']
if char == 'a':
period = 'pm' if self.value.hour >= 12 else 'am'
context = 'format'
else:
period = get_period_id(self.value, locale=self.locale)
context = 'format' if char == 'B' else 'stand-alone'
for width in widths:
period_names = get_period_names(context=context, width=width, locale=self.locale)
if period in period_names:
return period_names[period]
raise ValueError(f"Could not format period {period} in {self.locale}")
def format_frac_seconds(self, num: int) -> str:
""" Return fractional seconds.
Rounds the time's microseconds to the precision given by the number \
of digits passed in.
"""
value = self.value.microsecond / 1000000
return self.format(round(value, num) * 10**num, num)
def format_milliseconds_in_day(self, num):
msecs = self.value.microsecond // 1000 + self.value.second * 1000 + \
self.value.minute * 60000 + self.value.hour * 3600000
return self.format(msecs, num)
def format_timezone(self, char: str, num: int) -> str:
width = {3: 'short', 4: 'long', 5: 'iso8601'}[max(3, num)]
# It could be that we only receive a time to format, but also have a
# reference date which is important to distinguish between timezone
# variants (summer/standard time)
value = self.value
if self.reference_date:
value = datetime.datetime.combine(self.reference_date, self.value)
if char == 'z':
return get_timezone_name(value, width, locale=self.locale)
elif char == 'Z':
if num == 5:
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width, locale=self.locale, return_z=True)
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width, locale=self.locale)
elif char == 'O':
if num == 4:
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width, locale=self.locale)
# TODO: To add support for O:1
elif char == 'v':
return get_timezone_name(value.tzinfo, width,
locale=self.locale)
elif char == 'V':
if num == 1:
return get_timezone_name(value.tzinfo, width,
uncommon=True, locale=self.locale)
elif num == 2:
return get_timezone_name(value.tzinfo, locale=self.locale, return_zone=True)
elif num == 3:
return get_timezone_location(value.tzinfo, locale=self.locale, return_city=True)
return get_timezone_location(value.tzinfo, locale=self.locale)
# Included additional elif condition to add support for 'Xx' in timezone format
elif char == 'X':
if num == 1:
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width='iso8601_short', locale=self.locale,
return_z=True)
elif num in (2, 4):
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width='short', locale=self.locale,
return_z=True)
elif num in (3, 5):
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width='iso8601', locale=self.locale,
return_z=True)
elif char == 'x':
if num == 1:
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width='iso8601_short', locale=self.locale)
elif num in (2, 4):
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width='short', locale=self.locale)
elif num in (3, 5):
return get_timezone_gmt(value, width='iso8601', locale=self.locale)
def format(self, value: SupportsInt, length: int) -> str:
return '%0*d' % (length, value)
def get_day_of_year(self, date: datetime.date | None = None) -> int:
if date is None:
date = self.value
return (date - date.replace(month=1, day=1)).days + 1
def get_week_number(self, day_of_period: int, day_of_week: int | None = None) -> int:
"""Return the number of the week of a day within a period. This may be
the week number in a year or the week number in a month.
Usually this will return a value equal to or greater than 1, but if the
first week of the period is so short that it actually counts as the last
week of the previous period, this function will return 0.
>>> date = datetime.date(2006, 1, 8)
>>> DateTimeFormat(date, 'de_DE').get_week_number(6)
1
>>> DateTimeFormat(date, 'en_US').get_week_number(6)
2
:param day_of_period: the number of the day in the period (usually
either the day of month or the day of year)
:param day_of_week: the week day; if omitted, the week day of the
current date is assumed
"""
if day_of_week is None:
day_of_week = self.value.weekday()
first_day = (day_of_week - self.locale.first_week_day -
day_of_period + 1) % 7
if first_day < 0:
first_day += 7
week_number = (day_of_period + first_day - 1) // 7
if 7 - first_day >= self.locale.min_week_days:
week_number += 1
if self.locale.first_week_day == 0:
# Correct the weeknumber in case of iso-calendar usage (first_week_day=0).
# If the weeknumber exceeds the maximum number of weeks for the given year
# we must count from zero.For example the above calculation gives week 53
# for 2018-12-31. By iso-calender definition 2018 has a max of 52
# weeks, thus the weeknumber must be 53-52=1.
max_weeks = datetime.date(year=self.value.year, day=28, month=12).isocalendar()[1]
if week_number > max_weeks:
week_number -= max_weeks
return week_number
PATTERN_CHARS: dict[str, list[int] | None] = {
'G': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], # era
'y': None, 'Y': None, 'u': None, # year
'Q': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'q': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], # quarter
'M': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'L': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], # month
'w': [1, 2], 'W': [1], # week
'd': [1, 2], 'D': [1, 2, 3], 'F': [1], 'g': None, # day
'E': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 'e': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 'c': [1, 3, 4, 5, 6], # week day
'a': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'b': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'B': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], # period
'h': [1, 2], 'H': [1, 2], 'K': [1, 2], 'k': [1, 2], # hour
'm': [1, 2], # minute
's': [1, 2], 'S': None, 'A': None, # second
'z': [1, 2, 3, 4], 'Z': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'O': [1, 4], 'v': [1, 4], # zone
'V': [1, 2, 3, 4], 'x': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 'X': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] # zone
}
#: The pattern characters declared in the Date Field Symbol Table
#: (https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-dates.html#Date_Field_Symbol_Table)
#: in order of decreasing magnitude.
PATTERN_CHAR_ORDER = "GyYuUQqMLlwWdDFgEecabBChHKkjJmsSAzZOvVXx"
def parse_pattern(pattern: str | DateTimePattern) -> DateTimePattern:
"""Parse date, time, and datetime format patterns.
>>> parse_pattern("MMMMd").format
u'%(MMMM)s%(d)s'
>>> parse_pattern("MMM d, yyyy").format
u'%(MMM)s %(d)s, %(yyyy)s'
Pattern can contain literal strings in single quotes:
>>> parse_pattern("H:mm' Uhr 'z").format
u'%(H)s:%(mm)s Uhr %(z)s'
An actual single quote can be used by using two adjacent single quote
characters:
>>> parse_pattern("hh' o''clock'").format
u"%(hh)s o'clock"
:param pattern: the formatting pattern to parse
"""
if isinstance(pattern, DateTimePattern):
return pattern
return _cached_parse_pattern(pattern)
@lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
def _cached_parse_pattern(pattern: str) -> DateTimePattern:
result = []
for tok_type, tok_value in tokenize_pattern(pattern):
if tok_type == "chars":
result.append(tok_value.replace('%', '%%'))
elif tok_type == "field":
fieldchar, fieldnum = tok_value
limit = PATTERN_CHARS[fieldchar]
if limit and fieldnum not in limit:
raise ValueError(f"Invalid length for field: {fieldchar * fieldnum!r}")
result.append('%%(%s)s' % (fieldchar * fieldnum))
else:
raise NotImplementedError(f"Unknown token type: {tok_type}")
return DateTimePattern(pattern, ''.join(result))
def tokenize_pattern(pattern: str) -> list[tuple[str, str | tuple[str, int]]]:
"""
Tokenize date format patterns.
Returns a list of (token_type, token_value) tuples.
``token_type`` may be either "chars" or "field".
For "chars" tokens, the value is the literal value.
For "field" tokens, the value is a tuple of (field character, repetition count).
:param pattern: Pattern string
:type pattern: str
:rtype: list[tuple]
"""
result = []
quotebuf = None
charbuf = []
fieldchar = ['']
fieldnum = [0]
def append_chars():
result.append(('chars', ''.join(charbuf).replace('\0', "'")))
del charbuf[:]
def append_field():
result.append(('field', (fieldchar[0], fieldnum[0])))
fieldchar[0] = ''
fieldnum[0] = 0
for char in pattern.replace("''", '\0'):
if quotebuf is None:
if char == "'": # quote started
if fieldchar[0]:
append_field()
elif charbuf:
append_chars()
quotebuf = []
elif char in PATTERN_CHARS:
if charbuf:
append_chars()
if char == fieldchar[0]:
fieldnum[0] += 1
else:
if fieldchar[0]:
append_field()
fieldchar[0] = char
fieldnum[0] = 1
else:
if fieldchar[0]:
append_field()
charbuf.append(char)
elif quotebuf is not None:
if char == "'": # end of quote
charbuf.extend(quotebuf)
quotebuf = None
else: # inside quote
quotebuf.append(char)
if fieldchar[0]:
append_field()
elif charbuf:
append_chars()
return result
def untokenize_pattern(tokens: Iterable[tuple[str, str | tuple[str, int]]]) -> str:
"""
Turn a date format pattern token stream back into a string.
This is the reverse operation of ``tokenize_pattern``.
:type tokens: Iterable[tuple]
:rtype: str
"""
output = []
for tok_type, tok_value in tokens:
if tok_type == "field":
output.append(tok_value[0] * tok_value[1])
elif tok_type == "chars":
if not any(ch in PATTERN_CHARS for ch in tok_value): # No need to quote
output.append(tok_value)
else:
output.append("'%s'" % tok_value.replace("'", "''"))
return "".join(output)
def split_interval_pattern(pattern: str) -> list[str]:
"""
Split an interval-describing datetime pattern into multiple pieces.
> The pattern is then designed to be broken up into two pieces by determining the first repeating field.
- https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-dates.html#intervalFormats
>>> split_interval_pattern(u'E d.M. \u2013 E d.M.')
[u'E d.M. \u2013 ', 'E d.M.']
>>> split_interval_pattern("Y 'text' Y 'more text'")
["Y 'text '", "Y 'more text'"]
>>> split_interval_pattern(u"E, MMM d \u2013 E")
[u'E, MMM d \u2013 ', u'E']
>>> split_interval_pattern("MMM d")
['MMM d']
>>> split_interval_pattern("y G")
['y G']
>>> split_interval_pattern(u"MMM d \u2013 d")
[u'MMM d \u2013 ', u'd']
:param pattern: Interval pattern string
:return: list of "subpatterns"
"""
seen_fields = set()
parts = [[]]
for tok_type, tok_value in tokenize_pattern(pattern):
if tok_type == "field":
if tok_value[0] in seen_fields: # Repeated field
parts.append([])
seen_fields.clear()
seen_fields.add(tok_value[0])
parts[-1].append((tok_type, tok_value))
return [untokenize_pattern(tokens) for tokens in parts]
def match_skeleton(skeleton: str, options: Iterable[str], allow_different_fields: bool = False) -> str | None:
"""
Find the closest match for the given datetime skeleton among the options given.
This uses the rules outlined in the TR35 document.
>>> match_skeleton('yMMd', ('yMd', 'yMMMd'))
'yMd'
>>> match_skeleton('yMMd', ('jyMMd',), allow_different_fields=True)
'jyMMd'
>>> match_skeleton('yMMd', ('qyMMd',), allow_different_fields=False)
>>> match_skeleton('hmz', ('hmv',))
'hmv'
:param skeleton: The skeleton to match
:type skeleton: str
:param options: An iterable of other skeletons to match against
:type options: Iterable[str]
:return: The closest skeleton match, or if no match was found, None.
:rtype: str|None
"""
# TODO: maybe implement pattern expansion?
# Based on the implementation in
# http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/icu4j/trunk/main/classes/core/src/com/ibm/icu/text/DateIntervalInfo.java
# Filter out falsy values and sort for stability; when `interval_formats` is passed in, there may be a None key.
options = sorted(option for option in options if option)
if 'z' in skeleton and not any('z' in option for option in options):
skeleton = skeleton.replace('z', 'v')
get_input_field_width = dict(t[1] for t in tokenize_pattern(skeleton) if t[0] == "field").get
best_skeleton = None
best_distance = None
for option in options:
get_opt_field_width = dict(t[1] for t in tokenize_pattern(option) if t[0] == "field").get
distance = 0
for field in PATTERN_CHARS:
input_width = get_input_field_width(field, 0)
opt_width = get_opt_field_width(field, 0)
if input_width == opt_width:
continue
if opt_width == 0 or input_width == 0:
if not allow_different_fields: # This one is not okay
option = None
break
distance += 0x1000 # Magic weight constant for "entirely different fields"
elif field == 'M' and ((input_width > 2 and opt_width <= 2) or (input_width <= 2 and opt_width > 2)):
distance += 0x100 # Magic weight for "text turns into a number"
else:
distance += abs(input_width - opt_width)
if not option: # We lost the option along the way (probably due to "allow_different_fields")
continue
if not best_skeleton or distance < best_distance:
best_skeleton = option
best_distance = distance
if distance == 0: # Found a perfect match!
break
return best_skeleton