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require 'net/http' require_relative '../../../../uri/lib/uri' require 'cgi' # for escaping require_relative '../../../../connection_pool/lib/connection_pool' autoload :OpenSSL, 'openssl' ## # Persistent connections for Net::HTTP # # Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent maintains persistent connections across all the # servers you wish to talk to. For each host:port you communicate with a # single persistent connection is created. # # Connections will be shared across threads through a connection pool to # increase reuse of connections. # # You can shut down any remaining HTTP connections when done by calling # #shutdown. # # Example: # # require 'bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent' # # uri = Bundler::URI 'http://example.com/awesome/web/service' # # http = Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent.new # # # perform a GET # response = http.request uri # # # or # # get = Net::HTTP::Get.new uri.request_uri # response = http.request get # # # create a POST # post_uri = uri + 'create' # post = Net::HTTP::Post.new post_uri.path # post.set_form_data 'some' => 'cool data' # # # perform the POST, the Bundler::URI is always required # response http.request post_uri, post # # Note that for GET, HEAD and other requests that do not have a body you want # to use Bundler::URI#request_uri not Bundler::URI#path. The request_uri contains the query # params which are sent in the body for other requests. # # == TLS/SSL # # TLS connections are automatically created depending upon the scheme of the # Bundler::URI. TLS connections are automatically verified against the default # certificate store for your computer. You can override this by changing # verify_mode or by specifying an alternate cert_store. # # Here are the TLS settings, see the individual methods for documentation: # # #certificate :: This client's certificate # #ca_file :: The certificate-authorities # #ca_path :: Directory with certificate-authorities # #cert_store :: An SSL certificate store # #ciphers :: List of SSl ciphers allowed # #private_key :: The client's SSL private key # #reuse_ssl_sessions :: Reuse a previously opened SSL session for a new # connection # #ssl_timeout :: Session lifetime # #ssl_version :: Which specific SSL version to use # #verify_callback :: For server certificate verification # #verify_depth :: Depth of certificate verification # #verify_mode :: How connections should be verified # # == Proxies # # A proxy can be set through #proxy= or at initialization time by providing a # second argument to ::new. The proxy may be the Bundler::URI of the proxy server or # <code>:ENV</code> which will consult environment variables. # # See #proxy= and #proxy_from_env for details. # # == Headers # # Headers may be specified for use in every request. #headers are appended to # any headers on the request. #override_headers replace existing headers on # the request. # # The difference between the two can be seen in setting the User-Agent. Using # <code>http.headers['User-Agent'] = 'MyUserAgent'</code> will send "Ruby, # MyUserAgent" while <code>http.override_headers['User-Agent'] = # 'MyUserAgent'</code> will send "MyUserAgent". # # == Tuning # # === Segregation # # Each Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent instance has its own pool of connections. There # is no sharing with other instances (as was true in earlier versions). # # === Idle Timeout # # If a connection hasn't been used for this number of seconds it will # automatically be reset upon the next use to avoid attempting to send to a # closed connection. The default value is 5 seconds. nil means no timeout. # Set through #idle_timeout. # # Reducing this value may help avoid the "too many connection resets" error # when sending non-idempotent requests while increasing this value will cause # fewer round-trips. # # === Read Timeout # # The amount of time allowed between reading two chunks from the socket. Set # through #read_timeout # # === Max Requests # # The number of requests that should be made before opening a new connection. # Typically many keep-alive capable servers tune this to 100 or less, so the # 101st request will fail with ECONNRESET. If unset (default), this value has # no effect, if set, connections will be reset on the request after # max_requests. # # === Open Timeout # # The amount of time to wait for a connection to be opened. Set through # #open_timeout. # # === Socket Options # # Socket options may be set on newly-created connections. See #socket_options # for details. # # === Connection Termination # # If you are done using the Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent instance you may shut down # all the connections in the current thread with #shutdown. This is not # recommended for normal use, it should only be used when it will be several # minutes before you make another HTTP request. # # If you are using multiple threads, call #shutdown in each thread when the # thread is done making requests. If you don't call shutdown, that's OK. # Ruby will automatically garbage collect and shutdown your HTTP connections # when the thread terminates. class Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent ## # The beginning of Time EPOCH = Time.at 0 # :nodoc: ## # Is OpenSSL available? This test works with autoload HAVE_OPENSSL = defined? OpenSSL::SSL # :nodoc: ## # The default connection pool size is 1/4 the allowed open files # (<code>ulimit -n</code>) or 256 if your OS does not support file handle # limits (typically windows). if Process.const_defined? :RLIMIT_NOFILE open_file_limits = Process.getrlimit(Process::RLIMIT_NOFILE) # Under JRuby on Windows Process responds to `getrlimit` but returns something that does not match docs if open_file_limits.respond_to?(:first) DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE = open_file_limits.first / 4 else DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE = 256 end else DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE = 256 end ## # The version of Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent you are using VERSION = '4.0.0' ## # Error class for errors raised by Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent. Various # SystemCallErrors are re-raised with a human-readable message under this # class. class Error < StandardError; end ## # Use this method to detect the idle timeout of the host at +uri+. The # value returned can be used to configure #idle_timeout. +max+ controls the # maximum idle timeout to detect. # # After # # Idle timeout detection is performed by creating a connection then # performing a HEAD request in a loop until the connection terminates # waiting one additional second per loop. # # NOTE: This may not work on ruby > 1.9. def self.detect_idle_timeout uri, max = 10 uri = Bundler::URI uri unless Bundler::URI::Generic === uri uri += '/' req = Net::HTTP::Head.new uri.request_uri http = new 'net-http-persistent detect_idle_timeout' http.connection_for uri do |connection| sleep_time = 0 http = connection.http loop do response = http.request req $stderr.puts "HEAD #{uri} => #{response.code}" if $DEBUG unless Net::HTTPOK === response then raise Error, "bad response code #{response.code} detecting idle timeout" end break if sleep_time >= max sleep_time += 1 $stderr.puts "sleeping #{sleep_time}" if $DEBUG sleep sleep_time end end rescue # ignore StandardErrors, we've probably found the idle timeout. ensure return sleep_time unless $! end ## # This client's OpenSSL::X509::Certificate attr_reader :certificate ## # For Net::HTTP parity alias cert certificate ## # An SSL certificate authority. Setting this will set verify_mode to # VERIFY_PEER. attr_reader :ca_file ## # A directory of SSL certificates to be used as certificate authorities. # Setting this will set verify_mode to VERIFY_PEER. attr_reader :ca_path ## # An SSL certificate store. Setting this will override the default # certificate store. See verify_mode for more information. attr_reader :cert_store ## # The ciphers allowed for SSL connections attr_reader :ciphers ## # Sends debug_output to this IO via Net::HTTP#set_debug_output. # # Never use this method in production code, it causes a serious security # hole. attr_accessor :debug_output ## # Current connection generation attr_reader :generation # :nodoc: ## # Headers that are added to every request using Net::HTTP#add_field attr_reader :headers ## # Maps host:port to an HTTP version. This allows us to enable version # specific features. attr_reader :http_versions ## # Maximum time an unused connection can remain idle before being # automatically closed. attr_accessor :idle_timeout ## # Maximum number of requests on a connection before it is considered expired # and automatically closed. attr_accessor :max_requests ## # Number of retries to perform if a request fails. # # See also #max_retries=, Net::HTTP#max_retries=. attr_reader :max_retries ## # The value sent in the Keep-Alive header. Defaults to 30. Not needed for # HTTP/1.1 servers. # # This may not work correctly for HTTP/1.0 servers # # This method may be removed in a future version as RFC 2616 does not # require this header. attr_accessor :keep_alive ## # The name for this collection of persistent connections. attr_reader :name ## # Seconds to wait until a connection is opened. See Net::HTTP#open_timeout attr_accessor :open_timeout ## # Headers that are added to every request using Net::HTTP#[]= attr_reader :override_headers ## # This client's SSL private key attr_reader :private_key ## # For Net::HTTP parity alias key private_key ## # The URL through which requests will be proxied attr_reader :proxy_uri ## # List of host suffixes which will not be proxied attr_reader :no_proxy ## # Test-only accessor for the connection pool attr_reader :pool # :nodoc: ## # Seconds to wait until reading one block. See Net::HTTP#read_timeout attr_accessor :read_timeout ## # Seconds to wait until writing one block. See Net::HTTP#write_timeout attr_accessor :write_timeout ## # By default SSL sessions are reused to avoid extra SSL handshakes. Set # this to false if you have problems communicating with an HTTPS server # like: # # SSL_connect [...] read finished A: unexpected message (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError) attr_accessor :reuse_ssl_sessions ## # An array of options for Socket#setsockopt. # # By default the TCP_NODELAY option is set on sockets. # # To set additional options append them to this array: # # http.socket_options << [Socket::SOL_SOCKET, Socket::SO_KEEPALIVE, 1] attr_reader :socket_options ## # Current SSL connection generation attr_reader :ssl_generation # :nodoc: ## # SSL session lifetime attr_reader :ssl_timeout ## # SSL version to use. # # By default, the version will be negotiated automatically between client # and server. Ruby 1.9 and newer only. Deprecated since Ruby 2.5. attr_reader :ssl_version ## # Minimum SSL version to use, e.g. :TLS1_1 # # By default, the version will be negotiated automatically between client # and server. Ruby 2.5 and newer only. attr_reader :min_version ## # Maximum SSL version to use, e.g. :TLS1_2 # # By default, the version will be negotiated automatically between client # and server. Ruby 2.5 and newer only. attr_reader :max_version ## # Where this instance's last-use times live in the thread local variables attr_reader :timeout_key # :nodoc: ## # SSL verification callback. Used when ca_file or ca_path is set. attr_reader :verify_callback ## # Sets the depth of SSL certificate verification attr_reader :verify_depth ## # HTTPS verify mode. Defaults to OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER which verifies # the server certificate. # # If no ca_file, ca_path or cert_store is set the default system certificate # store is used. # # You can use +verify_mode+ to override any default values. attr_reader :verify_mode ## # Creates a new Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent. # # Set a +name+ for fun. Your library name should be good enough, but this # otherwise has no purpose. # # +proxy+ may be set to a Bundler::URI::HTTP or :ENV to pick up proxy options from # the environment. See proxy_from_env for details. # # In order to use a Bundler::URI for the proxy you may need to do some extra work # beyond Bundler::URI parsing if the proxy requires a password: # # proxy = Bundler::URI 'http://proxy.example' # proxy.user = 'AzureDiamond' # proxy.password = 'hunter2' # # Set +pool_size+ to limit the maximum number of connections allowed. # Defaults to 1/4 the number of allowed file handles or 256 if your OS does # not support a limit on allowed file handles. You can have no more than # this many threads with active HTTP transactions. def initialize name: nil, proxy: nil, pool_size: DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE @name = name @debug_output = nil @proxy_uri = nil @no_proxy = [] @headers = {} @override_headers = {} @http_versions = {} @keep_alive = 30 @open_timeout = nil @read_timeout = nil @write_timeout = nil @idle_timeout = 5 @max_requests = nil @max_retries = 1 @socket_options = [] @ssl_generation = 0 # incremented when SSL session variables change @socket_options << [Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1] if Socket.const_defined? :TCP_NODELAY @pool = Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent::Pool.new size: pool_size do |http_args| Bundler::Persistent::Net::HTTP::Persistent::Connection.new Net::HTTP, http_args, @ssl_generation end @certificate = nil @ca_file = nil @ca_path = nil @ciphers = nil @private_key = nil @ssl_timeout = nil @ssl_version = nil @min_version = nil @max_version = nil @verify_callback = nil @verify_depth = nil @verify_mode = nil @cert_store = nil @generation = 0 # incremented when proxy Bundler::URI changes if HAVE_OPENSSL then @verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER @reuse_ssl_sessions = OpenSSL::SSL.const_defined? :Session end self.proxy = proxy if proxy end ## # Sets this client's OpenSSL::X509::Certificate def certificate= certificate @certificate = certificate reconnect_ssl end # For Net::HTTP parity alias cert= certificate= ## # Sets the SSL certificate authority file. def ca_file= file @ca_file = file reconnect_ssl end ## # Sets the SSL certificate authority path. def ca_path= path @ca_path = path reconnect_ssl end ## # Overrides the default SSL certificate store used for verifying # connections. def cert_store= store @cert_store = store reconnect_ssl end ## # The ciphers allowed for SSL connections def ciphers= ciphers @ciphers = ciphers reconnect_ssl end ## # Creates a new connection for +uri+ def connection_for uri use_ssl = uri.scheme.downcase == 'https' net_http_args = [uri.hostname, uri.port] # I'm unsure if uri.host or uri.hostname should be checked against # the proxy bypass list. if @proxy_uri and not proxy_bypass? uri.host, uri.port then net_http_args.concat @proxy_args else net_http_args.concat [nil, nil, nil, nil] end connection = @pool.checkout net_http_args http = connection.http connection.ressl @ssl_generation if connection.ssl_generation != @ssl_generation if not http.started? then ssl http if use_ssl start http elsif expired? connection then reset connection end http.keep_alive_timeout = @idle_timeout if @idle_timeout http.max_retries = @max_retries if http.respond_to?(:max_retries=) http.read_timeout = @read_timeout if @read_timeout http.write_timeout = @write_timeout if @write_timeout && http.respond_to?(:write_timeout=) return yield connection rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED address = http.proxy_address || http.address port = http.proxy_port || http.port raise Error, "connection refused: #{address}:#{port}" rescue Errno::EHOSTDOWN address = http.proxy_address || http.address port = http.proxy_port || http.port raise Error, "host down: #{address}:#{port}" ensure @pool.checkin net_http_args end ## # CGI::escape wrapper def escape str CGI.escape str if str end ## # CGI::unescape wrapper def unescape str CGI.unescape str if str end ## # Returns true if the connection should be reset due to an idle timeout, or # maximum request count, false otherwise. def expired? connection return true if @max_requests && connection.requests >= @max_requests return false unless @idle_timeout return true if @idle_timeout.zero? Time.now - connection.last_use > @idle_timeout end ## # Starts the Net::HTTP +connection+ def start http http.set_debug_output @debug_output if @debug_output http.open_timeout = @open_timeout if @open_timeout http.start socket = http.instance_variable_get :@socket if socket then # for fakeweb @socket_options.each do |option| socket.io.setsockopt(*option) end end end ## # Finishes the Net::HTTP +connection+ def finish connection connection.finish connection.http.instance_variable_set :@last_communicated, nil connection.http.instance_variable_set :@ssl_session, nil unless @reuse_ssl_sessions end ## # Returns the HTTP protocol version for +uri+ def http_version uri @http_versions["#{uri.hostname}:#{uri.port}"] end ## # Adds "http://" to the String +uri+ if it is missing. def normalize_uri uri (uri =~ /^https?:/) ? uri : "http://#{uri}" end ## # Set the maximum number of retries for a request. # # Defaults to one retry. # # Set this to 0 to disable retries. def max_retries= retries retries = retries.to_int raise ArgumentError, "max_retries must be positive" if retries < 0 @max_retries = retries reconnect end ## # Sets this client's SSL private key def private_key= key @private_key = key reconnect_ssl end # For Net::HTTP parity alias key= private_key= ## # Sets the proxy server. The +proxy+ may be the Bundler::URI of the proxy server, # the symbol +:ENV+ which will read the proxy from the environment or nil to # disable use of a proxy. See #proxy_from_env for details on setting the # proxy from the environment. # # If the proxy Bundler::URI is set after requests have been made, the next request # will shut-down and re-open all connections. # # The +no_proxy+ query parameter can be used to specify hosts which shouldn't # be reached via proxy; if set it should be a comma separated list of # hostname suffixes, optionally with +:port+ appended, for example # <tt>example.com,some.host:8080</tt>. def proxy= proxy @proxy_uri = case proxy when :ENV then proxy_from_env when Bundler::URI::HTTP then proxy when nil then # ignore else raise ArgumentError, 'proxy must be :ENV or a Bundler::URI::HTTP' end @no_proxy.clear if @proxy_uri then @proxy_args = [ @proxy_uri.hostname, @proxy_uri.port, unescape(@proxy_uri.user), unescape(@proxy_uri.password), ] @proxy_connection_id = [nil, *@proxy_args].join ':' if @proxy_uri.query then @no_proxy = CGI.parse(@proxy_uri.query)['no_proxy'].join(',').downcase.split(',').map { |x| x.strip }.reject { |x| x.empty? } end end reconnect reconnect_ssl end ## # Creates a Bundler::URI for an HTTP proxy server from ENV variables. # # If +HTTP_PROXY+ is set a proxy will be returned. # # If +HTTP_PROXY_USER+ or +HTTP_PROXY_PASS+ are set the Bundler::URI is given the # indicated user and password unless HTTP_PROXY contains either of these in # the Bundler::URI. # # The +NO_PROXY+ ENV variable can be used to specify hosts which shouldn't # be reached via proxy; if set it should be a comma separated list of # hostname suffixes, optionally with +:port+ appended, for example # <tt>example.com,some.host:8080</tt>. When set to <tt>*</tt> no proxy will # be returned. # # For Windows users, lowercase ENV variables are preferred over uppercase ENV # variables. def proxy_from_env env_proxy = ENV['http_proxy'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY'] return nil if env_proxy.nil? or env_proxy.empty? uri = Bundler::URI normalize_uri env_proxy env_no_proxy = ENV['no_proxy'] || ENV['NO_PROXY'] # '*' is special case for always bypass return nil if env_no_proxy == '*' if env_no_proxy then uri.query = "no_proxy=#{escape(env_no_proxy)}" end unless uri.user or uri.password then uri.user = escape ENV['http_proxy_user'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY_USER'] uri.password = escape ENV['http_proxy_pass'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY_PASS'] end uri end ## # Returns true when proxy should by bypassed for host. def proxy_bypass? host, port host = host.downcase host_port = [host, port].join ':' @no_proxy.each do |name| return true if host[-name.length, name.length] == name or host_port[-name.length, name.length] == name end false end ## # Forces reconnection of all HTTP connections, including TLS/SSL # connections. def reconnect @generation += 1 end ## # Forces reconnection of only TLS/SSL connections. def reconnect_ssl @ssl_generation += 1 end ## # Finishes then restarts the Net::HTTP +connection+ def reset connection http = connection.http finish connection start http rescue Errno::ECONNREFUSED e = Error.new "connection refused: #{http.address}:#{http.port}" e.set_backtrace $@ raise e rescue Errno::EHOSTDOWN e = Error.new "host down: #{http.address}:#{http.port}" e.set_backtrace $@ raise e end ## # Makes a request on +uri+. If +req+ is nil a Net::HTTP::Get is performed # against +uri+. # # If a block is passed #request behaves like Net::HTTP#request (the body of # the response will not have been read). # # +req+ must be a Net::HTTPGenericRequest subclass (see Net::HTTP for a list). def request uri, req = nil, &block uri = Bundler::URI uri req = request_setup req || uri response = nil connection_for uri do |connection| http = connection.http begin connection.requests += 1 response = http.request req, &block if req.connection_close? or (response.http_version <= '1.0' and not response.connection_keep_alive?) or response.connection_close? then finish connection end rescue Exception # make sure to close the connection when it was interrupted finish connection raise ensure connection.last_use = Time.now end end @http_versions["#{uri.hostname}:#{uri.port}"] ||= response.http_version response end ## # Creates a GET request if +req_or_uri+ is a Bundler::URI and adds headers to the # request. # # Returns the request. def request_setup req_or_uri # :nodoc: req = if req_or_uri.respond_to? 'request_uri' then Net::HTTP::Get.new req_or_uri.request_uri else req_or_uri end @headers.each do |pair| req.add_field(*pair) end @override_headers.each do |name, value| req[name] = value end unless req['Connection'] then req.add_field 'Connection', 'keep-alive' req.add_field 'Keep-Alive', @keep_alive end req end ## # Shuts down all connections # # *NOTE*: Calling shutdown for can be dangerous! # # If any thread is still using a connection it may cause an error! Call # #shutdown when you are completely done making requests! def shutdown @pool.shutdown { |http| http.finish } end ## # Enables SSL on +connection+ def ssl connection connection.use_ssl = true connection.ciphers = @ciphers if @ciphers connection.ssl_timeout = @ssl_timeout if @ssl_timeout connection.ssl_version = @ssl_version if @ssl_version connection.min_version = @min_version if @min_version connection.max_version = @max_version if @max_version connection.verify_depth = @verify_depth connection.verify_mode = @verify_mode if OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER == OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE and not Object.const_defined?(:I_KNOW_THAT_OPENSSL_VERIFY_PEER_EQUALS_VERIFY_NONE_IS_WRONG) then warn <<-WARNING !!!SECURITY WARNING!!! The SSL HTTP connection to: #{connection.address}:#{connection.port} !!!MAY NOT BE VERIFIED!!! On your platform your OpenSSL implementation is broken. There is no difference between the values of VERIFY_NONE and VERIFY_PEER. This means that attempting to verify the security of SSL connections may not work. This exposes you to man-in-the-middle exploits, snooping on the contents of your connection and other dangers to the security of your data. To disable this warning define the following constant at top-level in your application: I_KNOW_THAT_OPENSSL_VERIFY_PEER_EQUALS_VERIFY_NONE_IS_WRONG = nil WARNING end connection.ca_file = @ca_file if @ca_file connection.ca_path = @ca_path if @ca_path if @ca_file or @ca_path then connection.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER connection.verify_callback = @verify_callback if @verify_callback end if @certificate and @private_key then connection.cert = @certificate connection.key = @private_key end connection.cert_store = if @cert_store then @cert_store else store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new store.set_default_paths store end end ## # SSL session lifetime def ssl_timeout= ssl_timeout @ssl_timeout = ssl_timeout reconnect_ssl end ## # SSL version to use def ssl_version= ssl_version @ssl_version = ssl_version reconnect_ssl end ## # Minimum SSL version to use def min_version= min_version @min_version = min_version reconnect_ssl end ## # maximum SSL version to use def max_version= max_version @max_version = max_version reconnect_ssl end ## # Sets the depth of SSL certificate verification def verify_depth= verify_depth @verify_depth = verify_depth reconnect_ssl end ## # Sets the HTTPS verify mode. Defaults to OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER. # # Setting this to VERIFY_NONE is a VERY BAD IDEA and should NEVER be used. # Securely transfer the correct certificate and update the default # certificate store or set the ca file instead. def verify_mode= verify_mode @verify_mode = verify_mode reconnect_ssl end ## # SSL verification callback. def verify_callback= callback @verify_callback = callback reconnect_ssl end end require_relative 'persistent/connection' require_relative 'persistent/pool'